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Early baroque Liturgy during the reign of Peter the Great

by Chronos Ensemble

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1.
Priest: Blessed is the Kingdom of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Choir: Amen. Priest: In peace let us pray to the Lord. Choir: Lord, have mercy. (After each petition of priest) Priest: For the peace from above, and the salvation of our souls, let us pray to the Lord. For the peace of the whole world, the good estate of the holy churches of God, and the union of all, let us pray to the Lord. For this holy temple, and for them that with faith, reverence, and the fear of God enter herein, let us pray to the Lord For our most pious, most Autocratic, our Great Sovereign Emperor Peter Alexeevich of all Russia, and for His spouse our most pious Sovereign Empress Ekaterina Alexeevna, for the noble crowned Princesses, for all in the palace and in the armed forces let us pray to the Lord. That he will aid them and subdue under their feet every foe and adversary For this village for every city and country, and the faithful that dwell therein, let us pray to the Lord. For seasonable weather, abundance of the fruits of the earth, and peaceful times, let us pray to the Lord. For travelers by sea, land and air; for the sick, the suffering, the imprisoned, and for their salvation, let us pray to the Lord. That we may be delivered from all tribulation, wrath, and necessity, let us pray to the Lord. Help us, save us, have mercy on us, and keep us, O God, by Thy grace. Calling to remembrance our most holy, most pure, most blessed, glorious Lady Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary with all the saints, let us commit ourselves and one another and all our life unto Christ our God. Choir: To Thee O Lord Priest: For unto Thee is due all glory, honor and worship; to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Choir: Amen.
2.
Bless the Lord, O my Soul; blessed art Thou, O Lord. Bless the Lord, O my soul, and all that is within me bless His holy name. Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all that He hath done for these. Who is gracious unto all thine iniquities, Who healeth all thine infirmities. Who redeemeth thy life from corruption, Who crowneth thee with mercy and compassion. Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit; Both now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen. Bless the Lord, O my soul, and all that is within me bless His holy name; blessed art Thou, O Lord. Priest: Again and again, in peace let us pray to the Lord. Choir: Lord, have mercy. Help us, save us, have mercy on us, and keep us, O God, by Thy grace. Choir: Lord, have mercy. Priest: Calling to remembrance… Choir: To Thee, O Lord. Priest: For Thine is the dominion, and Thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory: of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Choir: Amen. Glory… Praise the Lord, O my soul. I will praise the Lord in my life, I will chant unto my God for as long as I have my being. Trust ye not in princes, in the sons of men, in whom there is no salvation.
3.
Both now and ever... Only-Begotten Son and Word of God, Thou Who art immortal, and didst deign for our salvation to become incarnate of the holy Theotokos and Ever-virgin Mary, without change becoming man, and Who wast crucified, O Christ God, trampling down death by death: Thou Who art one of the Holy Trinity, glorified together with the Father and the Holy Spirit, save us. Priest: Again and again… (The same Small Litany like in previous track) Priest: For a good God art Thou, and the Lover of mankind, and unto Thee do we send up glory: to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Choir: Amen.
4.
Through a tree Adam became an exile from Paradise; but through the tree of the Cross the Thief made his home in Paradise, for the former through tasting set aside his Maker's commandment, while the latter, crucified with him, confessed the hidden God, as he cried, ‘Remember me in your kingdom’. Priest: Wisdom! Aright! Choir: O come, let us worship and fall down before Christ, Who rose from the dead, O Son of God, save us who sing to Thee: Alleluia.
5.
Sunday Troparion: When the women disciples of the Lord Learned from the angel the joyous message of Your resurrection, they cast away the ancestral curse And elatedly told the Apostles: Death is overthrown. Christ our God is risen, Granting the world great mercy. Troparion of the Blessed Virgin’s Nativity: Thy holy Nativity, O virgin Birth-giver of God, hath proclaimed joy unto all the universe; for from thee is risen the Sun of Righteousness, even Christ our God. And having destroyed the curse, he hath bestowed a blessing; and having brought Death to naught, he hath given unto us life eternal. Sunday Kontakion: As God, my Saviour and Redeemer, rose from the tomb, and delivered the earth-born from their chains. He has shattered the gates of Hades, and as Master,He has risen on the third day. Glory... Both now and ever... Kontakion of the Blessed Virgin’s Nativity: From the reproach of childlessness, and Adam and Eve from the corruption of death, at thy holy Nativity, O All-pure One. This do thy people celebrate, being redeemed from the guilt of transgressions, when they cry unto Thee: The barren giveth birth to the Birth-giver of God and the Nourishes of our Life.
6.
Trisagion 04:10
Priest, then the choir: O Lord, save the pious and hearken unto us. Holy God, Holy mighty, Holy Immortal have mercy on us (x3). Glory... Both now, and ever... Holy Immortal have mercy on us. Holy God, Holy mighty, Holy Immortal have mercy on us.
7.
Prokeimenon. Psalm 103: How magnified have been your works, O Lord; in wisdom have You made them all. Alleluia (x3). Glory to Thee, O Lord, glory to Thee. Priest: Let us all say with our whole soul and with our whole mind, let us say. Choir: Lord, have mercy O Lord Almighty, the God of our fathers, we pray Thee, hearken and have mercy. Have mercy on us, O God, according to Thy great mercy, we pray Thee, hearken and have mercy. Choir: Lord, have mercy (x3). Priest: Also we pray for our most pious, most Autocratic, our Great Sovereign Emperor Peter Alexeevich of all Russia, for his dominion, victory, well-being, peace, health and salvation. That our Lord God shall quickly and particularly help him in all his deeds and shall subdue beneath his feet every enemy and adversary. Also we pray for His spouse our most pious Sovereign Empress Ekaterina Alexeevna, and for the noble crown Princes and Grand Sovereign Lady Anna, and for the noble crown Princes and Grand Sovereign Lady Elizabeth, and for the noble… Natalya. Also we pray for all their Christ-loving army. Again we pray for our brethren, the priests, priestmonks, and all our brethren in Christ. Also we pray for the blessed and ever-memorable holy Orthodox Patriarchs, for all devout Tzars and pious Tzarinas, for the founders of this holy house and for all our Orthodox fathers and brothers who have gone to their rest before us, and who here, and in all the world lie asleep. Again we pray for them that bring offerings and do good works in this holy and all-venerable temple; for them that minister and them that chant, and for all the people here present, that await of Thee great and abundant mercy. That always being guarded under Thy dominion, we may send up glory unto Thee: to the Father, and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Choir: Amen.
8.
Let us who mystically represent the Cherubim, and chant the thrice-holy hymn unto the Life-creating Trinity, now lay aside all earthly care. That we may receive the King of all, Who cometh invisibly upborne in triumph by the ranks of angels. Alleluia, alleluia, alleluia.
9.
Priest: Let us complete our prayer unto the Lord. Choir: Lord, have mercy. Priest: For the precious gifts set forth, let us pray to the Lord. For this holy temple, and for them that with faith, reverence, and the fear of God enter herein, let us pray to the Lord. That we may be delivered from all tribulation, wrath, and necessity, let us pray to the Lord. Help us, save us, have mercy on us, and keep us, O God, by Thy grace. That the whole day may be perfect, holy, peaceful and sinless, let us ask of the Lord. Choir: Grant this, O Lord. An angel of peace, a faithful guide, a guardian of our souls and bodies, let us ask of the Lord. Pardon and remission of our sins and offences, let us ask of the Lord. Things good and profitable for our souls, and peace for the world, let us ask of the Lord. That we may complete the remaining time of our life in peace and repentance, let us ask of the Lord. A Christian ending to our life, painless, blameless, peaceful, and a good defense before the dread judgment seat of Christ, let us ask. Calling to remembrance… Choir: To Thee, O Lord. Priest: Through the compassions of Thine Only-begotten Son, with Whom Thou art blessed, together with Thy most holy, and good, and life-creating Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Choir: Amen. Priest: Peace be unto all. Choir: And to thy spirit. Priest: Let us love one another, that with one mind we may confess: Choir: The Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit: the Trinity, one in essence and indivisible.
10.
Priest: Let us stand well, let us stand with fear, let us attend, that we may offer the holy oblation in peace. Choir: A mercy of peace, a sacrifice of praise. Priest: The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God the Father, and the communion of the Holy Spirit be with you all. Choir: And with thy spirit. Priest: Let us lift up our hearts. Choir: We lift them up unto the Lord. Priest: Let us give thanks unto the Lord. Choir: It is meet and right to worship the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit: the Trinity, one in essence and indivisible. Priest praying secretly: It is meet and right that we should laud thee, bless thee, praise thee, give thanks unto thee, and adore thee in all places of thy dominion: for thou art God ineffable, incomprehensible, invisible, inconceivable; thou art from everlasting and art changeless, thou, and thine Only-begotten Son, and thy Holy Spirit Thou from nothingness hast called us into being; and when we had fallen away from thee, thou didst raise us up again ; and thou hast not ceased to do all things until thou hadst brought us back to heaven, and hadst endowed us with thy kingdom which is to come. For all which things we give thanks unto thee, and thine Only-begotten Son, and thy Holy Spirit; for all the things whereof we know, and whereof we know not; for all thy benefits bestowed upon us, both manifest and unseen. And we render thanks unto thee for this ministry which thou dost deign to accept at our hands, although before thee stand thousands of Archangels and myriads of Angels, with the Cherubim, and Seraphim, six-winged, many-eyed, who soar aloft, borne on their pinions. Priest: Singing the triumphal hymn, shouting, crying aloud and saying: Choir: Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord of Sabaoth; heaven and earth are full of Thy glory. Hosanna in the highest! Blessed is He that cometh in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest! Priest praying secretly: And we also, O Lord who lovest man-kind, in company with these blessed Powers do cry aloud and say: Holy art thou, and all-holy thou, and thine Only-begotten Son, and thy Holy Spirit; holy and all-holy and majestic is thy glory. Who hast so loved thy world that thou gavest thine Only- begotten Son, that whosoever believeth on him should not perish, but should have ever-lasting life; who, when he had come and had performed all the dispensation for us, in the night in which he was given up, - in the which, rather, he did give himself for the life of the world, - took bread in his holy and pure and sinless hands; and when he had given thanks, and blessed it, and so sanctified it, he gave it to his holy disciples and apostles, saying : Priest: Take, eat: this is My Body, which is broken for you for the remission of sins. Choir: Amen. Priest secretly: And in like manner, after supper he took the cup, saying: Priest: Drink of it, all of you: this is My Blood of the New Testament, which is shed for you and for many, for the remission of sins. Choir: Amen. Priest secretly: Bearing in remembrance, therefore, this commandment of salva-tion, and all those things which came to pass for us ; the Cross, the Grave, the Resurrection on the third day, the Ascension into Heaven, the Sitting on the right hand, the Second and glorious Coming-again: Priest: Offering unto Thee Thine own of Thine own, in behalf of all and for all. Choir: We praise Thee, we bless Thee, we give thanks unto Thee, O Lord; and we pray unto Thee, O our God. Priest praying secretly: Again we offer unto thee this reasonable and unbloody service. And we beseech and implore thee, and offer our supplications unto thee, that thou wilt send thy Holy Spirit upon us, and upon these Gifts here spread forth. O Lord, who at the Third Hour didst send down upon thine Apostles thy Holy Spirit: Take not the same from us, O Good One, but renew it in us who make our supplications unto thee. Bless, Master, the Holy Bread, And make this bread the precious Body of thy Christ, Amen. And make that which is in this chalice the precious Blood of thy Christ , Amen. Transmuting them by thy Holy Spirit, Amen, Amen, Amen. That to those who shall partake thereof they may be unto soberness of soul, unto the remission of sins, unto the fellowship of thy Holy Spirit, unto the fulfilling of the kingdom of Heaven, and unto boldness toward thee; and not unto judgment or unto condemnation. And again we offer unto thee this our reasonable service, for all thy servants departed this life before us in the faith; for our ancestors, fathers, the Patriarchs, Prophets, Apostles, Preachers, Evangelists, Martyrs, Confessors, Ascetics; and for every righteous soul who hath died in the faith:
11.
Priest: Especially for our most holy, most pure, most blessed, glorious Lady Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary. Choir: It is truly meet to bless thee, the Theotokos, ever-blessed and most blameless, and Mother of our God. More honorable than the Cherubim, and beyond compare more glorious than the Seraphim, thee who without corruption gavest birth to God the Word, the very Theotokos, thee do we magnify.
12.
(After the Lord’s Prayer “Pater Noster”. ) Priest: Peace be unto all. Choir: And to thy spirit. Priest: Let us bow our heads unto the Lord. Choir: To Thee, O Lord. Priest: Through the grace and compassions and love for mankind of Thine Only-begotten Son, with Whom Thou art blessed, together with Thy most holy, and good, and life-creating Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Choir: Amen. Priest: Let us attend! Holy Things are for the holy. Choir: One is Holy, One is Lord, Jesus Christ, to the glory of God the Father. Amen.
13.
Praise ye the Lord from heaven: praise him in the height. Alleluia (x3).
14.
Priest: With fear of God and with faith, draw nigh. Choir: Blessed is He that cometh in the name of the Lord. God is the Lord, and hath appeared unto us. Receive ye the Body of Christ; taste ye of the Fountain of Immortality. Alleluia. Priest: Save O God, Thy people and bless Thine inheritance. Choir: We have seen the True Light, We have received the Heavenly Spirit. We have found the True Faith. We worship the Indivisible Trinity: for He hath saved us. Priest: Always, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Choir: Amen. Let our mouth be filled with Thy praise, O Lord, that we may hymn Thy glory, for Thou hast vouchsafed us to partake of Thy holy, divine, immortal and life-creating Mysteries. Keep us in Thy holiness, that we may meditate on Thy righteousness all the day long. Alleluia, alleluia, alleluia. Priest: Aright! Having partaken of the divine, holy, most pure, immortal, heavenly, and life-creating, fearful Mysteries of Christ, let us worthily give thanks unto the Lord. Choir: Lord, have mercy. Priest: Help us, save us, have mercy on us, and keep us, O God, by Thy grace. Having asked that the whole day may be perfect, holy, peaceful and sinless, let us commit ourselves and one another and all our life unto Christ our God. Choir: To Thee, O Lord. Priest : For Thou art our sanctification, and unto Thee do we send up glory: to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Choir: Amen. Priest: Let us depart in peace. Choir: In the name of the Lord. Priest: Let us pray to the Lord. Choir: Lord, have mercy. Priest: O Lord Who dost bless them that bless Thee and sanctify them that put their trust in Thee: Save Thy people and bless Thine inheritance; preserve the fullness of Thy Church, sanctify them that love the beauty of Thy house; do Thou glorify them by Thy divine power, and forsake us not that hope in Thee. Give peace to Thy world, to Thy churches, to the priests, and to all Thy people. For every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and cometh down from Thee, the Father of lights, and unto Thee do we send up glory and thanksgiving and worship, to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Choir: Amen. Blessed be the name of the Lord from henceforth and forever more (x3). Priest: The blessing of the Lord be upon you, through His grace and love for mankind, always, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Choir: Amen. Priest: Glory to Thee, O Christ God, our hope, glory to Thee. Choir: Glory… Both now... Lord, have mercy (x3). (Father) bless. Priest: May Christ our true God, Who rose from the dead, through the intercessions of His most pure Mother; of the holy and glorious apostles; of our father John the Chrysostom, archbishop of Constantinople; of the holy and righteous ancestors of God, Joachim and Anna; and of all the saints: have mercy on us and save us, for He is good and loveth mankind.
15.
To our most pious Sovereign Peter the Great, the Emperor and Autocrat of all Russia, and to his nowadays crowned by God, our most pious Sovereign Empress Ekaterina Alexeevna and to the most pious Grand Sovereign Ladies Crown Princesses, Grant, o Lord, many years.

about

For the recording of the part-singing “Partes” liturgy, several compositions were selected from seven chant-manuscripts of the times of Peter the Great, stored in the State Historical Museum (GIM – Synodal singers collection), in the Russian State Library (RGB - stock 218), and in the State Archives of Ancient Acts (RGADA). All the chants are written in the style of "continuous polyphony". In this version of the polyphonic church music, all the voices sound simultaneously; there are no pauses and melodic imitations in the musical score. At the time, another style was also widespread – that of ‘fluctuating’ or ‘alternating polyphony’, which was called a concert style. The concert genre is characterized by successive starts of the vocal parts, polyphonic imitations and alternations of choral tutti and solo parts. The concert style appeared in Russia before the continuous polyphony; it was based on the achievements of Italian and Polish composers of the early Baroque. By contrast, the style of continuous polyphony was developed by the court Singers of Moscow after their acquaintance with choral concerts of composers from Little Russia (modern Ukraine). This was a kind of response and an alternative to the European baroque concert style. The main goal was to preserve the Old Russian monodic material and the traditions of polyphonic music of the past era. There is evidence that Peter the Great gave preference to continuous polyphony; he himself chanted the bass part at divine services and commissioned his choirmasters to compose the polyphonic adaptations of Old Russian melodies.

The continuous polyphony is usually based on the Znamenny cantus firmus sung by a third voice – the tenor. In the “Partes” repertory one often comes across polyphonic treatments of Greek and Kiev chants. The Kiev chant is a South Russian branch of the Znamenny chant, the melodies of which are enriched with melismatics and the leaps in the melody. The Greek chant is a very free-style and loose interpretation of Byzantine melodies of Octoechos. Unlike the Znamenny monody, there appears in the melodies of the Greek chant the modal center (the tonic), with a clear sense of major or minor. In the late 17th century, these features begin to be acquired by the compositions of the Kiev chant, the repertoire of which was expanded over decades. New types of monody enriched the syllabic repertoire of liturgical music; recitative became more melodic, freely moving along the steps of the musical scale. These chants were especially needed for writing new compositions of the liturgical ordinary. In the broadened repertoire of the Liturgy and Vigil, the Kiev and Greek chants became almost identical to each other. Composers of continuous polyphony were free not only to borrow these different types of chants for polyphonic adaptations; they also, most likely, composed their own melodies, which were loosely called Greek or Kiev, or sometimes bore no name at all. In the genre of continuous polyphony, in addition to the Znamenny chant, there also occur adaptations of the following Old Russian melodies: Demestvenny, Big Znamenny and Putevoy (Strochnoy) chants. From the new tunes, there were often used a Zhukovsky and a Bulgarian chant.
The CD contains two compositions from the coronation manuscript of Ivan Protopopov. Peter the Great personally created the coronation rite of Catherine I, who was proclaimed empress on May 18, 1724, one year before Peter's death (February 8, 1725). The Sunday liturgy of the fourth mode of Octoechos, the order of which did not contain hymns of other Feasts, was served on October 29, 1624 on the Gregorian calendar. Together with Peter and Catherine, their daughters: Anna, Elizabeth and Natalia, were mentioned at the litanies and the petitions of the priest.

The majority of the liturgical compositions were selected from the manuscript GIM 421, compiled in Kargopol in 1709 - 1733. Those are the adaptations of the Kiev chant, which will be further indicated by the cipher of the manuscript (GIM 421). Another manuscript, GIM 657, was stored in the Znamensky Cathedral of Novgorod. This multiple-chant collection consists of several liturgical cycles. Two of these cycles do not have an indication of belonging to any known chant; cantus firmus could have been composed by the author himself. The choral score, GIM 375, which includes hymns of the Vigil and Liturgy, was created at the Tambov Bishop’s House in 1700. The litanies that we took from this manuscript belong to the liturgy of the Greek cantus. Among Moscow manuscripts, the collection GIM 1099 from the Сhurch of Peter and Paul, which is near the Yauzsky Gate, is noteworthy. The manuscript contains polyphonic treatments by remarkable court musicians: Stefan Belyaev and Petr Noritsyn. The manuscript RGB 879 was compiled in the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius. The musical score of RGB 880 was kept in the Moscow church of the Presentation of Mary in Barashi. The coronation manuscript composed by I. Protopopov (RGADA stock 396, op.2, part 7/3766) was stored in the Kremlin Armory. With the exception of the choral scores RGB 880 and GIM 375, all the other collections are sets of books for the four vocal parts (discantus, alto, tenor, bass).

With the exception of the chants from tracks 3, 8, 11, 13 and 15, all the other scores of the liturgy were compiled by myself in 2016.

The Church of Nativity of the Blessed Virgin is an outstanding monument of the Petrine Baroque. It was built by Prince Grigory Dolgorukov in his family manor of Podmoklovo. The construction began in 1714. The prince was a remarkable diplomat, one of the most highly educated people persons of his time. He spent about twenty years, intermittently, in Poland in the capacity of ‘an emergency ambassador and authorized minister’. The construction of his patrimonial church was largely conducted in his absence along a foreign project under the supervision of foreigners. The most successful of them was the architect Andrew Schultz. The authorship of the project is currently the subject of scientific research. It is assumed that the project originally came from the workshop of Carlo Fontana, the most famous Roman architect of his time. But in the process of construction it was slightly modified in accordance with the tastes of the Moscow aristocracy. In addition to the rotundal composition, atypical for the Russian architecture, the church has a unique sculptural decoration. At the time, only members of a very narrow circle of nobles, close to the tsar, could dare to decorate church buildings with sculptures. The Podmoklovo sculptures were made by Russian craftsmen. The contract record of 1718 retained their names: it was a cooperative association (artel) of Ivan Zimin with companions who undertook to create the figures of 12 apostles and 4 evangelists and all the decoration of the facade. In fact, these could be the first sculptures fashioned by a Russian chisel. At present, the church in Podmoklovo has been restored; regular worship services are performed there. The church community, led by the Dean Archpriest Dionisy Kryukov, organizes annual festivals of classical and folk music in the open air.

Для записи раннепартесной литургии были отобраны композиции из семи певческих рукописей времён Петра I, хранящихся в Историческом Музее Москвы (Синодальное певческое собрание), в РГБ (фонд 218) и в архиве РГАДА. Все песнопения написаны в стиле "постоянного многоголосия". В этой разновидности партеса все голоса звучат одновременно, в партитуре нет пауз и полифонических имитаций. В то время был также распространён стиль «переменного многоголосия», который назывался концертным. В концертном жанре характерны поочерёдные вступления голосов, имитации, чередования хорового tutti и солирующих партий. Концертный стиль появился прежде постоянного многоголосия и опирался на достижения итальянских и польских композиторов раннего барокко. Стиль постоянного многоголосия был разработан государевыми певчими дьяками Москвы после знакомства с хоровыми концертами композиторов из Малороссии. Это был своего рода ответ и альтернатива сугубо европейскому барочному стилю. Основной целью было сохранить древнерусский монодийный материал и традиции полифонической музыки прошедшей эпохи. Есть свидетельства, что Петр I отдавал предпочтение именно постоянному многоголосию, самолично исполнял на службах партию баса, заказывал уставщикам хора сочинять обработки древних распевов.

В постоянном многоголосии мы, как правило, имеем дело с обработками мелодий Знаменного распева, которые исполняются тенором (третьим голосом). [Классическая партитура постоянного многоголосия состояла из четырёх партий. Тенор часто дублировался одним из верхних голосов в терцию или сексту, в то время как другой голос, что выше тенора, заполнял аккордовую вертикаль. Все это звучало в сопровождении орнаментированного «эксцеллентованного» баса, который был своего рода барочной модификацией подвижного Низа из строчной и демественной полифонии]. В партесном репертуаре часто встречаются обработки греческого и киевского распевов. Киевский распев является южнорусской ветвью знаменного распева, мелодии которого обогащаются мелизмами и скачками. Греческий распев - это очень вольная и условная интерпретация Византийского осмогласия. В отличие от знаменного одноголосия, в мелодиях греческого распева появляется ладовый центр (тоника), с чётким ощущением мажора или минора. Такие же черты приобретают в конце XVII века композиции киевского распева, репертуар которого десятилетиями обновлялся. Новые виды монодии обогатили силлабический репертуар богослужебной музыки; речитатив стал более мелодичным, свободно перемещаясь по ступеням звукоряда. Эти распевы были особенно нужны для сочинения новых композиций литургического ординария. В обновленном репертуаре литургии и всенощной, киевский и греческий распевы стали почти идентичны друг другу. Композиторы постоянного многоголосия, могли не только заимствовать разные виды распевов для полифонической обработки; они также, по всей видимости, сочиняли собственные мелодии, которые весьма условно назывались греческими или киевскими, а порой – вообще не имели названия. В постоянном многоголосии также встречаются обработки следующих древних распевов: Демественного, Большого Знаменного и Путевого. Из новых распев часто использовались Жуковский и Болгарский.
На диске записаны два произведения из коронационного сборника И. Протопопова. Петр Великий лично составил чин коронации Екатерины I, которая была провозглашена императрицей 18 мая 1724, за год до смерти Петра (8 февраля 1725). Воскресная литургия четвёртого гласа, (на которой не пелись тропари великим святым или задостойники), служилась 29 октября 1624 по григорианскому календарю. Вместе с Петром и Екатериной на ектеньях поминались их дочери: Анна, Елизавета и Наталия.

Большая часть литургических композиций взята из сборника ГИМ 421, составленного в Каргополе в 1709 – 1733гг. Это обработки киевского распева, на что будет в дальнейшем указывать шифр рукописи (ГИМ 421). Сборник ГИМ 657 хранился в Знаменском соборе Новгорода. Этот многораспевный сборник состоит из нескольких литургических циклов. Два из них не имеют указний на принадлежность какому-либо распеву, «cantus firmus» может быть авторским. Из этих циклов для записи взяты следующие песнопения; «Господи спаси благочестивыя», и «Видехом свет истинный. Партитура ГИМ 375, включающая в себя песнопения всенощной и литургии была создана при Тамбовском архиерейском доме в 1700 году. Ектеньи, взятые нами из этого сборника, составляют литургию греческого распева. Среди московских рукописей примечателен сборник ГИМ 1099 из церкви Петра и Павла, что у Яузских ворот. Рукопись содержит партесные обработки Стефана Беляева и Петра Норицына. Из РГБ (ф. 218) сборник №879 был составлен в Троицко-Сергиевой лавре; партитура №880 хранилась в московской Введенской церкви в Барашах. Коронационный певческой сборник Протопопова (РГАДА ф.396 оп.2 ч.7 3766) хранился в Оружейной палате московского Кремля. Кроме партитуры РГБ 880 и ГИМ 375, все прочие сборники – это комплекты из книг для четырех голосовых партий (дискант, альт, тенор, бас).

Трек 1 (ГИМ 421). Мирная ектенья состоит из двух композиций; вторая начинается с прошения: «о веси сей».
Трек 2. Это один из самых ранних примеров пения на литургии псалмов 102 и 145 (ГИМ 421). Во втором антифоне в теноре звучит подлинная византийская мелодия третьего гласа. Малая ектенья - из ГИМ 375
Трек 3,11 (ГИМ 1099). Стефан Беляев руководил хором государевых певчих дьяков в начале 18 века. Он занимался партесными обработками преимущественно знаменного распева. На диске записаны "Единородный сыне" и "Достойно есть" из литургии первого гласа. Беляев сам сочинял знаменные мелодии для литургических последований восьми гласов. Партитура литургии первого гласа была составлена музыковедом Владимиром Протопоповым. Малая ектенья из ГИМ 421
Трек 4. Первая блаженна четвёртого гласа (РГБ № 880); в теноре - мелодия знаменного распева. «Приидите поклонимся» - из ГИМ 421.
Трек 5. Тропарь и кондак воскресные – это, по всей видимости, авторские партитуры (РГБ 879); тропарь и кондак Рождества Богородицы - обработки знаменного распева, написанные мной по аналогии с поздним партесным репертуаром из Ярославля (ГИМ 872).
Трек 6, 10. В греческой литургии пение Трисвятого - один из самых торжественных и продолжительных моментов богослужения. Следуя византийской традиции, мы решили записать четыре разные композиции. В Трисвятом №2 мелодия тенора напоминает киевский вариант знаменного распева (ГИМ 657); все прочие композиции, несмотря на принадлежность к киевской литургии (ГИМ 421), могут иметь авторский первоисточник в теноре. Трисвятое №1 и «Милость мира» помещены в ГИМ 421 отдельно от «Киевской литургии», и записаны иным почерком. В обеих композициях у дисканта встречается яркий мелодий рисунок, с любовью заимствованный автором из строчного многоголосия минувшей эпохи.
Трек 7. Прокимен и аллилуйя – ГИМ 421; сугубая ектенья – из ГИМ 375.
Трек 8 (ГИМ 657). Это мастерская обработка демественного распева, написанная неизвестным новгородским певчим. Партитура составлена Л. Кондрашковой.
Трек 9, 12 (ГИМ 421). Просительная ектенья - это настоящий шедевр неизвестного композитора. "Един свят" – из того же сборника.
Трек 13 (РГАДА). Причастен (киноник) был написан И. Протопоповым специально для литургии, следующей за чином коронации Екатерины I. Это - обработка знаменного распева, где в мелодии происходит характерный сдвиг звукоряда на тон вниз (мутация), в результате чего в партесной обработке образуется очень необычный тональный план. «Когда начинали петь киноник, тогда управлялся путь от палатных людей к шествию Ея Величества от царских дверей к миропомазанию и причащению». Партитуры Причастна и Многолетия (трек 15) были составлены Н. Плотниковой.
Трек 14. «Видехом свет истинный» - из сборника ГИМ 657, остальные песнопения – из ГИМ 421.
Трек 15 (РГАДА). Многолетие Протопопова из коронационного сборника, это - мастерская обработка демественного распева. После пения сотого псалма, «Императорское Величество возлагал Сам корону на Ея Величество… Протодиакон же возглашал многолетие их Величествам… и от певчих многолетие пето было». Протопопов руководил хором певчих дьяков c 1723 по 1729.
За исключением песнопений из треков 3, 8, 11, 13 и 15, все прочие партитуры партесной литургии были составлены мной в 2016 году. Евгений Скурат.

Храм Рождества Пресвятой Богородицы – выдающийся памятник петровского барокко. Он был построен князем Григорием Федоровичем Долгоруковым в своей вотчине – селе Подмоклово. Начало строительства пришлось на 1714 год. Князь, (замечательный дипломат, один из самых образованных людей своего времени), находился в Польше около двадцати лет с перерывами в качестве «чрезвычайного посла и полномочного министра». Строительство его вотчинной церкви по большей степени велось в его отсутствие по иностранному проекту под руководством иноземцев. Наиболее успешным из них оказался «архитект» Андрей Шульц. Авторство проекта в настоящее время является предметом научных исследований. Предполагается, что проект изначально вышел из мастерской наиболее известного римского архитектора своего времени Карло Фонтаны. Но в процессе строительства он был несколько изменен в соответствии со вкусами московской аристократии. Помимо ротондальной композиции, нетипичной для русской архитектуры своего времени, церковь имеет уникальное скульптурное убранство. Украшать скульптурами церковные постройки в то время могли осмелиться лишь представители очень узкого круга приближенных к царю вельмож. Подмокловские скульптуры были выполнены русскими мастерами. Подрядная запись 1718 года сохранила их имена: артель Ивана Зимина «со товарищи» подрядилась выполнить фигуры 12 апостолов и 4 евангелистов и все декоративное убранство фасада. Вероятно, это одни из первых скульптур, вышедших из-под резца русских скульпторов. В настоящее время церковь в Подмоклове отреставрирована, в ней совершаются регулярные богослужения. Церковная община во главе с настоятелем протоиереем Дионисием Крюковым устраивают ежегодные фестивали классической и фольклорной музыки под открытым небом.

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released January 28, 2018

Chronos Ensemble
Evgeny Skurat
Taras Yasenkov
Nataliya Gorbachova
Anastasia Bondereva
Archpriest Dionysius Kryukov
Sound director – Philipp Barsky
Design – Ivan Krasnobaev

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